Glioblastoma

A Glioblastoma is a type of a primary brain tumor. Primary brain tumors are those that arise from the brain itself rather than traveling or metastasizing from another location in the body. Approximately 17,000 new cases of primary brain tumors are treated each year in the United States.

Primary brain tumors can either be benign or malignant. Benign brain tumors (eg. meningiomas, acoustic neuromas, pituitary gland tumors) usually grow slowly and can often be removed by surgery depending upon their specific location in the brain. Malignant brain tumors, such as glioblastomas and anaplastic astrocytomas, among others, tend to grow rapidly spreading into the surrounding brain tissue and often cannot be entirely removed surgically.

Primary brain tumors can occur in both children as well as adults. The most common age groups are children 3 to 12 and adults ages 40-70. Metastatic brain tumors, such as glioblastomas, are much more common in adults than in children.

There are many different types of brain tumors. One type, know as astrocytomas, are tumors that arise from astrocyte cells - part of the supportive (neuroglial) tissue of the brain. Astrocytomas account for about half of all primary brain and spinal cord tumors.
Glioblastomas are fast growing astrocytomas that contain areas of dead (necrotic) tumor cells. In adults, glioblastoma occurs most often in the cerebrum, especially in the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. They rarely occur in the cerebellum or brain stem.
Glioblastoma can be difficult to treat although surgery, radiation therapy, steroids, and chemotherapy have shown the ability to prolong survival.

Source: MediFocus.Com

Tumor removal surgery

This is my experience (dated July 4, 2005)

I got back from my assignment from Sumatera, it was almost a week of business trip. Did a demo for tumor removal machine with a neurosurgeon there.

We had 2 patients, but most touching operation was when neurosurgeon operated a 10 years old girl.

She lost one of her sight due to her condition before the surgery. After doctor plant a shunt, she can talk normally. The tumor removal was successfull. But I can't imagine what kind of pain she will feel after the surgery. My migrain won't compare to it.

Do you know that neurosurgeon must shave her head, made incision to her scalp, peeled off her scalp, drilled the skull, took off part of the scalp, opened dura layer, opened the brain, cut and removed the tumor, after he finished removing tumor, then he closed it, he sewn the blood vessel and other open location, attached the skull using wires, after that the scalp was sewn, and the nurse put a catheter to drain the blood.

Drilling the skull

Removing the tumor using ultrasonic aspirator

What is shunt?

A shunt is a surgically implanted device that diverts cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a controlled manner from fluid compartments in the brain or near the spine to another part of the body, such as the abdomen or the heart. For nearly half a century, hydrocephalus has been treated by surgical placement of a (CSF) diverting shunt.
Shunts typically consist of three components:
1. An inflow (proximal) catheter, which drains CSF from the ventricles or the lumbar subarachnoid space, to a valve;
2. A valve mechanism, which regulates differential pressure or controls flow through the shunt tubing;
3. An outflow (distal) catheter, which directs CSF from the valve to the peritoneum, heart or other suitable drainage site.

Other shunt components may include reservoirs and/or antechambers for sampling or injecting medications; or dyes, on/off devices, anti-siphon or other flow-compensating devices, auxiliary catheters, etc., to modify performance or adapt the basic system to the patient’s specialized needs. In selected cases (such as when extraventricular fluid collections are drained), a shunt may not contain a valve.